a) what is chemical kinetics?

b) which focus on kinetics.

a) Define the term chemical reaction.

b) Outline the factors that change chemical reaction rate.

Briefly explain factors affecting rate of chemical reaction. (three points)

a) what is the rate of chemical reaction?

b) Write the formula for rate of chemical reaction.

How pressure and light affect rate of chemical reaction?

a) What is chemical equilibrium?

b) Mention factors affecting changing of chemical equilibrium.

a) define the term reversible reaction.

b) write example of reversible reaction.

Distinguish the following

i) Equilibrium reaction from reversible reaction

ii) Endothermic reaction from exothermic reaction

The following shows the reaction between hydrogen and iodine gases to form hydrogen iodide gas.

H₂ + I₂⇌ 2HI+ Heat

Explain what happens to the position of equilibrium if: -

i) The temperature is increased?

ii) The pressure is lowered

iii) Hydrogen iodide is pumped into the system.

Basing on the temperature, identify exothermic and endothermic reaction.

i) H₂+ N₂⇌ NH₃ Δ H= 150 kg/mole

ii) CaCO₃⇌ CaO+CO₂ ΔH = 1100kg/mole

iii) H₂ + I₂⇌ CI Δ H = 450kg/mole

iv) C + H₂ CH₃ Δ H = 20kg/mole

v) SO₂ + O₂ ⇌ SO₃ Δ H = ^-200kg/mole

Draw the energy level for

a) Exothermic reaction

b) Endothermic reaction

Which side (direction) favor low or high pressure

i) 25O₂ + O₂ ⇌ 25O₃

ii) 3H₂ + N₂⇌ 2NH₃

iii H₂ + I₂ ⇌ 2HI

iv) CH₄ + Cl₂ ⇌ CH₃Cl + HCl

v) H₂ + f₂ ⇌2Hf.

Which favor high temperature

a) N₂ + H₂ ⇌NH₃ ΔH = 415 kj/mole

b) 25O₂ + O₂ ⇌25O₃ ΔH = -150 kj/mole

c) H₂ + I₂ ⇌ 2HI ΔH = 450 kj/mole

By using the equation below, indicate endothermic and exothermic

H₂ + I₂⇌2HI + Heat

Draw the energy profile for

a) Endothermic reaction

b) Exothermic reaction.

a) What is a reversible chemical reaction?

b) list down three factors that affect the position of the equilibrium in a reversible chemical reaction.

Ammonic is prepared in the Haber process according to the following equation.

N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) ^catalyst >2NH₃ ΔH = ^-46.2 kj/mole

From the equation, what will be happen to the position of equilibrium if;

i) The temperature of the equilibrium mixture is increased?

ii) More nitrogen gas is pumped into the equilibrium mixture?

iii) The ammonia gas formed is removed from the equilibrium mixture?

The reaction which produce methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen is represented by the equation.

CO_(g) + H_2(g) ⇌CH₃OH ^-ΔH= ^-94 kj/mole

The reaction is carried out at high pressure to give a better yield of methanol.

i) Explain why increased in pressure gives a better yield of methanol.

ii) The valued of ΔH is negative, what does this tell about the reaction.

iii) With reason state whether a high temperature or low temperature will give a better yield of methanol.

Multiple choice question

The reaction between iodine and hydrogen is represented by the following equation

I_2(g) + H_2(g) ⇌2HI ΔH = ^-X kj/mole

The reaction is

A. An endothermic reaction
B. A displacement reaction
C. A neutralization reaction
D. Exothermic reaction.

Multiple choice question

Which catalyst is suitable on conversion of Sulphur dioxide into Sulphur trioxide.

25O₂ + O₂⇌25O₃

A. Nodal
B. Vadium oxide
C. Vanadium oxide
D. Vanadium penta oxide